RAMAKAYAL COMPUTER EDUCATION

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  • TRIM FUNCTION IN EXCEL

  • 🔐 Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) Services – Trusted. Affordable. Fast.

    Welcome to Ramakayal Computer Education, your trusted provider for Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) services.
    “We offer Class 2, Class 3, DGFT, and Foreign DSC services with fast support and lowest prices.”
    ✅ Trusted | 💼 Professional | 🕒 On-Time Service

    ✅ Why Choose Us?

    • Licensed DSC Provider
    • Affordable & Transparent Pricing
    • Aadhaar OTP / Biometric / PAN-Based Options
    • Token Shipping & Download Support
    • Bilingual Support (English & Tamil)
    • Services for Individuals, Businesses, and Institutions

    📞 Contact Details

    📱 Phone / WhatsApp:
    86676 93527 & 04632 242412 (9.00 AM to 8.00 PM)
    🌐 Website: www.ramakayalcomputereducation.com
    📺 YouTube: youtube.com/goldensaravana
    🧾 Service By: C. Saravanakumar, Kalugumalai

    🙏 Please Share

    If you know anyone in need of a DSC, kindly share this page with them. Your referral is appreciated!

    ❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

    🔹 What is DSC (Digital Signature Certificate)?

    A Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key issued by certifying authorities to validate and authenticate the identity of an individual or organization. It is used for signing electronic documents, filing GST, Income Tax returns, MCA, DGFT, tenders, and more.

    🔍 Explanation of Each Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) Type

    🔸 Class 2 – Document Signer

    Purpose: For automated signing of large volumes of documents by organizations (like invoices, bills, salary slips, etc.).

    • ✅ Issued in the name of an organization.
    • ✅ Used in software systems like Tally, SAP, or ERPs.
    • ⚠️ Requires company documents & authorization letter.
    • Not for individual use.

    ⏳ Validity options:
    • 1 Year – ₹7500
    • 2 Years – ₹8000
    • 3 Years – ₹12000
    GST extra

    🔸 Class 3 – Individual Use

    Purpose: Most commonly used for filing GST, ITR, MCA, e-Tendering, Trademark filing, etc.

    • ✅ For professionals, business owners, and individuals.
    • ✅ Aadhaar eKYC / PAN-based issuance supported.
    • ✅ Accepted by government and private portals.

    ⏳ Validity options:
    • 1 Year – ₹1350
    • 2 Years – ₹1500
    • 3 Years – ₹2250
    GST extra

    🔸 Class 3 – Document Signer

    Purpose: High-security signing by organizations for critical digital documents and automation.

    • ✅ Meant for enterprise-level signing.
    • ✅ Not for individuals.
    • ⚠️ Requires organization KYC and usage declaration.

    ⏳ Validity options:
    • 1 Year – ₹11250
    • 2 Years – ₹12000
    • 3 Years – ₹18000
    GST extra

    🔸 Class 3 Combo (Signing + Encryption)

    Purpose: Used where both signing and data encryption are required — like eTendering, eAuction, and eProcurement platforms.

    • ✅ Highly secure: includes two key pairs.
    • ✅ Required by some departments like MSTC, ONGC, Coal India.

    ⏳ Validity options:
    • 1 Year – ₹2000
    • 2 Years – ₹2250
    • 3 Years – ₹3350
    GST extra

    🔸 DGFT (Director General of Foreign Trade) DSC

    Purpose: Used by Importers & Exporters to access DGFT portal services.

    • ✅ Mandatory for EXIM businesses.
    • ✅ Issued in the name of the business owner or company.

    ⏳ Validity options:
    • 1 Year – ₹1800
    • 2 Years – ₹2000
    GST extra

    🔸 Foreign Class 3 DSC

    Purpose: Digital signature for Indian citizens or organizations residing or operating abroad.

    • ✅ Documents like Passport, Foreign Address proof required.
    • ✅ Mostly used for regulatory compliance, tenders, business processes.

    ⏳ Validity options:
    • 1 Year – ₹9000
    • 2 Years – ₹10000
    • 3 Years – ₹15000
    GST extra

    🔸 Foreign Class 3 Combo (Sign + Encrypt)

    Purpose: Like Foreign Class 3, but includes encryption key as well.

    • ✅ Used in global tenders and high-security portals.

    ⏳ Validity options:
    • 1 Year – ₹13500
    • 2 Years – ₹15000
    • 3 Years – ₹22500
    GST extra

    🔸 Hyp2003 (HyperSecu / ePass) Auto Token

    Purpose: Secure USB device to store your DSC safely.

    • ✅ Plug & play
    • ✅ Required for DSC to work
    • ✅ Supports all types of DSC (Class 2/3, DGFT, Combo)

    💰 Price: ₹600 (GST extra)

  • Bitwise Operators

    🧠 What Are Bitwise Operators?

    Bitwise operators work on bits (0s and 1s) of integers at the binary level.

    They are used to perform operations like AND, OR, XOR, NOT, etc., bit-by-bit.

    🧩 Imagine You Have Blocks

    Let’s say you have numbers made out of LEGO blocks — but only with 1s and 0s. Like this:

    • 5 = 🧱 1 0 1
    • 3 = 🧱 0 1 1

    These are binary numbers — the way computers think!

    🧠 What is a Bit?

    • A bit is just a 1 or 0 — like YES or NO.
    • Computers love bits. They speak only in 1s and 0s!

    🎮 Bitwise Operators

    💚 1. Bitwise AND (&) — “Both must be YES”

    Rule: Only give 1 if BOTH blocks are 1.

      5: 1 0 1
& 3: 0 1 1
----------
     0 0 1  → 1

    🗣 “Only the last bits are both 1. So answer is 1!”

    💙 2. Bitwise OR (|) — “Anyone says YES?”

    Rule: Give 1 if at least one block is 1.

      5: 1 0 1
| 3: 0 1 1
----------
     1 1 1  → 7

    🗣 “Anyone says YES? Then YES!”

    💛 3. Bitwise XOR (^) — “Only if different!”

    Rule: Give 1 only if they are different.

      5: 1 0 1
^ 3: 0 1 1
----------
     1 1 0  → 6

    🗣 “Same = 0, Different = 1!”

    🧨 4. Bitwise NOT (~) — “Flip it!”

    Rule: Turn all 1s to 0s, and 0s to 1s.

    print(~5)   #-6


Rule

~n = -(n + 1)

    ⏩ 5. Left Shift (<<) — “Push blocks to the left!”

    5 = 1 0 1
5 &lt;&lt; 1 → 1 0 1 0 → 10

    🗣 “Add 0 at the end — like making it 2× bigger!”

    ⏪ 6. Right Shift (>>) — “Push blocks to the right!”

    5 = 1 0 1
5 >> 1 → 0 1 0 → 2

    🗣 “Move to the right — makes it smaller (like divide by 2)!

  • How to Convert Decimal Numbers to Binary and Vice Versa – Easy Guide with Examples

    What is Binary?

    • Binary numbers use only two digits: 0 and 1.
    • Computers use binary because their circuits can be ON (1) or OFF (0).
    • Each place in a binary number represents a power of 2 (like 1, 2, 4, 8, 16…).

    Part 1: How to Convert a Decimal Number to Binary (Step-by-Step)

    Let’s start with the decimal number 13 and change it into binary.

    Step 1: Divide the number by 2

    • Take the number (13) and divide it by 2.
    • Write down the remainder (what’s left over after division).

    Step 2: Write down the remainder

    • If the number divides evenly, the remainder is 0.
    • If not, the remainder will be 1.

    Step 3: Divide the result (quotient) by 2 again

    • Ignore the remainder for this step, only divide the quotient.
    • Repeat Steps 1 and 2.

    Step 4: Keep dividing until you get zero as the quotient

    Step 5: Write all the remainders from bottom to top

    This is your binary number!

    Example with number 13:

    StepDivideQuotientRemainder
    113 ÷ 261
    26 ÷ 230
    33 ÷ 211
    41 ÷ 201

    Write remainders from bottom to top: 1101

    Part 2: How to Convert Binary to Decimal (Step-by-Step)

    Now, let’s change binary 1101 back to a decimal number.

    Step 1: Write the binary digits in a row

    • Start from the right (last digit).

    Step 2: Assign powers of 2 starting from 0

    Binary digitPower of 2
    12⁰ = 1
    02¹ = 2
    12² = 4
    12³ = 8

    Step 3: Multiply each binary digit by its power of 2

    • Multiply the digit (0 or 1) by the power of 2 value.

    Step 4: Add all the results together

    • This is your decimal number!

    Example with binary 1101:

    DigitPower of 2Multiply (Digit × Power)
    181 × 8 = 8
    141 × 4 = 4
    020 × 2 = 0
    111 × 1 = 1

    Add them all: 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13

    Why Should Beginners Learn This?

    • Binary numbers are how computers understand data.
    • Knowing this helps you in programming, digital electronics, and exams.
    • It’s a simple skill that opens up new ways of thinking about numbers!

  • 📘 JavaScript Course Curriculum 2025 – Beginner to Advanced with Node.js & React 🚀

    🎯 Master JavaScript from scratch in 2025 with this comprehensive module-wise syllabus covering vanilla JavaScript, DOM, ES6+, Node.js, and React.js. Ideal for beginners, intermediate learners, and job-ready developers aiming for real-world web development and full-stack opportunities.

    • ✅ Covers Modern JavaScript (ES6+)
    • ✅ Hands-on Projects with DOM, API, and Canvas
    • ✅ Full-Stack Development using Node.js & Express
    • ✅ Frontend UI Building with React.js
    • ✅ Final Project with Hosting & Deployment

    🟢 Beginner Level

    Module 1: Introduction to JavaScript

    • What is JavaScript?
    • Setting up the environment
    • Writing your first JS code

    Module 2: Variables and Data Types

    • var, let, const
    • Primitive types
    • Type conversion and coercion

    Module 3: Operators and Expressions

    • Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, Assignment
    • Ternary operator

    Module 4: Control Flow

    • if, else if, else
    • switch statement

    Module 5: Loops

    • for, while, do…while
    • break, continue

    Module 6: Functions

    • Function declarations and expressions
    • Parameters and return
    • Arrow functions

    Module 7: Arrays and Objects

    • Creating and manipulating arrays
    • Object literals

    Module 8: DOM Basics

    • Understanding DOM
    • Selecting and manipulating HTML elements
    • Handling basic events

    🟡 Intermediate Level

    Module 9: Advanced Arrays and Objects

    • Array methods: map, filter, reduce
    • Nested objects and destructuring
    • Spread/rest operators

    Module 10: ES6+ Features

    • Template literals
    • Default parameters
    • Modules (import/export)

    Module 11: Event Handling

    • Event listeners
    • Event bubbling and delegation
    • Form validation

    Module 12: Working with the Browser

    • Window and Document objects
    • Storage APIs
    • setTimeout, setInterval

    Module 13: Asynchronous JavaScript

    • Callbacks
    • Promises
    • async and await

    Module 14: JSON and Fetch API

    • Working with JSON
    • HTTP requests
    • API handling

    Module 15: Error Handling and Debugging

    • try-catch
    • Debugging with DevTools

    🔵 Advanced Level

    Module 16: DOM Projects

    • Build UI projects
    • Real-time form validation

    Module 17: Object-Oriented JavaScript

    • Prototypes and inheritance
    • ES6 Classes
    • Encapsulation

    Module 18: Web APIs and Browser Events

    • Geolocation, Clipboard, Notification
    • FileReader API

    Module 19: JavaScript & Canvas API

    • Drawing with Canvas
    • Simple animations

    Module 20: JS in Web Development

    • DOM + responsive UI
    • SPA basics

    Module 21: Node.js Basics

    • What is Node.js?
    • Working with files
    • Basic HTTP server
    • NPM basics

    Module 22: Building with Node.js

    • Intro to Express.js
    • REST APIs
    • Routing and middleware
    • Database integration
    • Authentication

    Module 23: React.js Fundamentals

    • What is React?
    • JSX, Components, Props, State
    • Handling events

    Module 24: React Intermediate & Project

    • Hooks (useState, useEffect)
    • React Router
    • Forms and APIs
    • Build a React app

    Module 25: Final Project & Deployment

    • Full-stack project
    • Frontend + Backend integration
    • Hosting and certificate