RAMAKAYAL COMPUTER EDUCATION

Author: Saravana Kumar

  • Lesson 1: Introduction to HTML

    Objective

    By the end of this lesson, you’ll understand:

    • What HTML is.
    • Why it’s important.
    • How to create a basic HTML document.

    What is HTML?

    HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages. It structures the content on the web, using elements like text, images, and links.

    Why Learn HTML?

    • It’s the foundation of web development.
    • It’s beginner-friendly and easy to learn.
    • It allows you to build and customize websites.

    Basic HTML Structure

    An HTML document is made up of elements. Here’s the structure:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My Page</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
  </body>
</html>

    Explanation

    1. <!DOCTYPE html>: Tells the browser this is an HTML5 document.
    2. <html>: The root element containing all HTML code.
    3. <head>: Contains metadata and the title of the page.
    4. <title>: Sets the page title visible in the browser tab.
    5. <body>: Holds the main content of the page.
    6. <h1>: Represents the main heading.
    7. <p>: Represents a paragraph.

    Activity

    1. Open a text editor (e.g., Notepad on Windows, TextEdit on Mac, or Visual Studio Code).
    2. Copy the example code above and save it as index.html.
    3. Open the file in a browser to see your first web page.

    Quiz

    1. What does <!DOCTYPE html> do?
      • a) Displays the page title.
      • b) Tells the browser the HTML version.
      • c) Adds a paragraph.
      • d) Styles the content.

    Summary

    • HTML is the backbone of web pages.
    • The structure includes elements like <html>, <head>, and <body>.
    • You can create your first web page with just a few lines of code.

  • Mastering LibreOffice Writer: Essential Shortcut Keys for Faster Productivity

    Mastering LibreOffice Writer: Essential Shortcut Keys for Faster Productivity

    General Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    New DocumentCtrl + N
    Open DocumentCtrl + O
    Save DocumentCtrl + S
    Print DocumentCtrl + P
    UndoCtrl + Z
    RedoCtrl + Y
    CutCtrl + X
    CopyCtrl + C
    PasteCtrl + V
    FindCtrl + F
    Find & ReplaceCtrl + H
    Select AllCtrl + A

    Navigation Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    Move to the Beginning of the DocumentCtrl + Home
    Move to the End of the DocumentCtrl + End
    Move to the Next WordCtrl + Right Arrow
    Move to the Previous WordCtrl + Left Arrow
    Move to the Next ParagraphCtrl + Down Arrow
    Move to the Previous ParagraphCtrl + Up Arrow

    Formatting Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    BoldCtrl + B
    ItalicCtrl + I
    UnderlineCtrl + U
    StrikethroughCtrl + D
    Increase Font SizeCtrl + Shift + >
    Decrease Font SizeCtrl + Shift + <
    Align LeftCtrl + L
    Align CenterCtrl + E
    Align RightCtrl + R
    JustifyCtrl + J
    Create Bulleted ListCtrl + Shift + L
    Create Numbered ListCtrl + Shift + N

    Paragraph & Document Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    Insert Page BreakCtrl + Enter
    Insert Horizontal LineCtrl + -
    Show/Hide Paragraph MarksCtrl + Shift + P
    Increase IndentationCtrl + M
    Decrease IndentationCtrl + Shift + M

    Table Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    Insert TableCtrl + F12
    Add Table RowCtrl + Enter
    Add Table ColumnCtrl + Shift +

    Other Useful Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    Open Styles and FormattingF11
    Show/Hide Formatting ToolbarCtrl + Shift + F
    Toggle Field CodesCtrl + F9
    Insert HyperlinkCtrl + K

    These shortcut keys are commonly used to increase productivity and speed while working in LibreOffice Writer.

    4o mini

  • LibreOffice Calc shortcut keys:

    LibreOffice Calc shortcut keys:

    General Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    New FileCtrl + N
    Open FileCtrl + O
    Save FileCtrl + S
    PrintCtrl + P
    UndoCtrl + Z
    RedoCtrl + Y
    CutCtrl + X
    CopyCtrl + C
    PasteCtrl + V
    Select AllCtrl + A
    FindCtrl + F
    Find & ReplaceCtrl + H
    Insert FunctionShift + F2
    Spell CheckF7

    Navigation Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    Move to the Next Cell (Right)Tab
    Move to the Previous Cell (Left)Shift + Tab
    Move to the Next Row (Down)Arrow Down
    Move to the Previous Row (Up)Arrow Up
    Go to the First Cell (A1)Ctrl + Home
    Go to the Last CellCtrl + End
    Go to the Next SheetCtrl + Page Down
    Go to the Previous SheetCtrl + Page Up

    Editing Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    Insert RowCtrl + Shift + +
    Delete RowCtrl + -
    Insert ColumnCtrl + Shift + =
    Delete ColumnCtrl + Shift + -
    Add a New SheetShift + F11
    Insert HyperlinkCtrl + K
    Open Cell Format DialogCtrl + 1

    Formatting Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    BoldCtrl + B
    ItalicCtrl + I
    UnderlineCtrl + U
    Align LeftCtrl + L
    Align CenterCtrl + E
    Align RightCtrl + R
    Increase Font SizeCtrl + Shift + >
    Decrease Font SizeCtrl + Shift + <
    Format as CurrencyCtrl + Shift + $
    Format as PercentageCtrl + Shift + %

    Cell Formatting Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    Format as DateCtrl + Shift + #
    Format as NumberCtrl + Shift + !
    Format as TextCtrl + Shift + @
    Merge CellsCtrl + M
    Wrap Text in CellAlt + Enter

    Data Shortcuts

    ActionShortcut Key
    AutoSumAlt + Shift + =
    Sort AscendingAlt + A + S
    Sort DescendingAlt + A + O
    Open Filter MenuCtrl + Shift + L
    Toggle Auto FilterCtrl + Shift + L

    These shortcuts will help improve your efficiency while using LibreOffice Calc.

  • Python Question and Answers – Part 2

    Python Question and Answers – Part 2

    Python Lists – Quiz

    1. How do you create a list in Python?

    • A. {}
    • B. []
    • C. ()
    • D. <>

    2. What is the first index of a Python list?

    • A. 0
    • B. 1
    • C. -1
    • D. None

    3. Which method adds an item to the end of a list?

    • A. add()
    • B. insert()
    • C. append()
    • D. extend()

    4. How would you access the last item in a list?

    • A. list[0]
    • B. list[-1]
    • C. list[1]
    • D. list[2]

    5. What does fruits[1:3] return for fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”, “date”]?

    • A. [“apple”, “banana”]
    • B. [“banana”, “cherry”]
    • C. [“cherry”, “date”]
    • D. [“banana”]

    6. Which method removes an item by its index?

    • A. delete()
    • B. discard()
    • C. remove()
    • D. pop()

    7. What does list.reverse() do?

    • A. Sorts the list
    • B. Adds items to the list
    • C. Reverses order
    • D. Removes the last item

    8. How do you delete an item by its value?

    • A. list.pop()
    • B. list.remove()
    • C. list.del()
    • D. list.pop(value)

    9. What does fruits.sort() do for fruits = [“cherry”, “apple”, “banana”]?

    • A. Arranges alphabetically
    • B. Reverses the list
    • C. Does nothing
    • D. Adds “apple”

    10. How would you add “pear” at the start of a fruits list?

    • A. fruits[0] = “pear”
    • B. fruits.append(“pear”)
    • C. fruits.insert(0, “pear”)
    • D. fruits.push(“pear”)

    Python Dictionaries – Quiz

    1. How do you create a dictionary in Python?

    • A. {}
    • B. []
    • C. ()
    • D. <>

    2. What data structure is a collection of key-value pairs?

    • A. List
    • B. Set
    • C. Tuple
    • D. Dictionary

    3. How would you access the value of “name” in person[“name”]?

    • A. person.name
    • B. person{“name”}
    • C. person[“name”]
    • D. person{[“name”]}

    4. How do you add a new key-value pair to a dictionary?

    • A. add()
    • B. update()
    • C. append()
    • D. dictionary[key] = value

    5. Which method removes a key-value pair and returns the value?

    • A. pop()
    • B. remove()
    • C. delete()
    • D. discard()

    6. What happens if you access a key that doesn’t exist?

    • A. Error
    • B. Returns None
    • C. Adds key with None
    • D. Creates empty dictionary

    7. How do you loop through all keys and values?

    • A. .items()
    • B. .pairs()
    • C. .all()
    • D. .keys()

    8. Which method returns only the values in a dictionary?

    • A. keys()
    • B. items()
    • C. values()
    • D. pairs()

    9. How do you delete a key-value pair by key?

    • A. del
    • B. remove()
    • C. delete()
    • D. discard()

    10. Which is a valid dictionary?

    • A. {“a”, “b”, “c”}
    • B. {1, 2, 3}
    • C. {“key”: value}
    • D. [“key”: “value”]

    Python Tuples – Quiz

    Question 1: What is a tuple in Python?

    • A. A mutable collection
    • B. An immutable collection
    • C. A method
    • D. A variable type

    Question 2: How do you create a tuple in Python?

    • A. []
    • B. {}
    • C. ()
    • D. <>

    Question 3: What is the main difference between a list and a tuple?

    • A. Tuples can be changed, lists cannot
    • B. Tuples are immutable, lists are mutable
    • C. Lists store strings only, tuples store integers only
    • D. Tuples are slower than lists

    Question 4: Which of the following is a valid tuple?

    • A. [1, 2, 3]
    • B. {1, 2, 3}
    • C. (1, 2, 3)
    • D. tuple[1, 2, 3]

    Question 5: What will be the output of the following code?

    t = (1, 2, 3)
print(t[1])
    • A. 1
    • B. 2
    • C. 3
    • D. Error

    Question 6: How do you find the length of a tuple in Python?

    • A. size(t)
    • B. len(t)
    • C. length(t)
    • D. count(t)

    Question 7: What does the following code do?

    t = (1, 2, 3)
t[1] = 5
    • A. Updates the tuple
    • B. Throws an error
    • C. Creates a new tuple
    • D. Deletes the tuple

    Question 8: Which method is used to count occurrences of an element in a tuple?

    • A. index()
    • B. find()
    • C. count()
    • D. occurrences()

    Question 9: What will t = (1, 2, 3, 2); print(t.count(2)) return?

    • A. 0
    • B. 1
    • C. 2
    • D. Error

    Question 10: Which method is used to find the index of an element in a tuple?

    • A. locate()
    • B. find()
    • C. position()
    • D. index()

    Python Functions – Quiz

    Question 1: What is a function in Python?

    • A. A type of loop
    • B. A block of code that performs a specific task
    • C. A variable declaration
    • D. A type of data structure

    Question 2: Which keyword is used to define a function in Python?

    • A. func
    • B. define
    • C. def
    • D. function

    Question 3: What will the following code output?

    def add(a, b):  
    return a + b  

print(add(2, 3))
    • A. 23
    • B. 5
    • C. 6
    • D. Error

    Question 4: What does a function without a return statement return?

    • A. None
    • B. 0
    • C. False
    • D. Error

    Question 5: What is a parameter in Python?

    • A. The name of the function
    • B. The output of the function
    • C. Input to the function
    • D. A type of variable

    Question 6: Which of the following is NOT a valid function name?

    • A. calculateSum
    • B. 1stFunction
    • C. my_function
    • D. _helper

    Question 7: What is the correct way to call the following function?

    def greet(name):  
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")
    • A. greet()
    • B. greet(“John”)
    • C. print(greet(“John”))
    • D. Hello(name)

    Question 8: What does the return keyword do in a function?

    • A. Stops the function execution
    • B. Specifies what value a function gives back
    • C. Defines a parameter
    • D. None of the above

    Question 9: How can you pass multiple arguments to a function?

    • A. Using a list
    • B. Using multiple variables separated by commas
    • C. Using a string
    • D. Only one argument can be passed

    Question 10: Which of these is an example of a function with default parameters?

    def greet(name="User"):  
    print(f"Hello, {name}")  

greet()
    • A. def greet(name=”User”): print(f”Hello, {name}”) greet()
    • B. def greet(): print(“Hello, User”) greet()
    • C. def greet(name): print(f”Hello, {name}”) greet(“User”)
    • D. def greet(): return “Hello, User”
  • Learn Python – Question and Answers

    Learn Python – Question and Answers

    Table of Contents

    Python Basics: Variables & Data Types – Q&A Session

    1. What is a variable in Python?

    • A. A storage container for data
    • B. A type of loop
    • C. A function for printing text
    • D. A command to stop a program

    2. Which of the following is a valid variable name in Python?

    • A. 1name
    • B. name_1
    • C. name-1
    • D. name!

    3. What is the correct way to declare a string variable?

    • A. name = “John”
    • B. name = John
    • C. “name” = John
    • D. String name = “John”

    4. In Python, which data type is used to represent decimal numbers?

    • A. int
    • B. str
    • C. float
    • D. bool

    5. Which function is used to check the data type of a variable in Python?

    • A. data()
    • B. typeof()
    • C. type()
    • D. datatype()

    6. What will be the output of the following code?

    name = "Alice"
print(type(name))
    • A. <class ‘str’>
    • B. <class ‘int’>
    • C. name
    • D. Alice

    7. Which of these is NOT a data type in Python?

    • A. str
    • B. int
    • C. list
    • D. decimal

    8. What value will the following code output?

    age = 30
age = "thirty"
print(age)
    • A. 30
    • B. “thirty”
    • C. SyntaxError
    • D. None

    9. Which data type represents True and False values in Python?

    • A. int
    • B. str
    • C. bool
    • D. float

    10. In Python, which symbol is used to assign a value to a variable?

    • A. ==
    • B. =
    • C. :
    • D. ->

    Python Basics: Conditional Statements – Q&A Session

    Question 1: Which statement is used to check a condition in Python?

    • A. else
    • B. elif
    • C. if
    • D. then

    Question 2: What will the following code print if x = 10?

    if x > 5:  
    print("High")  
else:  
    print("Low")
    • A. “High”
    • B. “Low”
    • C. “None”
    • D. Error

    Question 3: In Python, what does elif stand for?

    • A. Else if
    • B. Eliminate if
    • C. Exit if
    • D. Error

    Question 4: Which operator checks if two conditions are both true?

    • A. or
    • B. and
    • C. not
    • D. ==

    Question 5: What is the output of this code?

    if 5 < 10 or 8 > 10:  
    print("Yes")
    • A. No
    • B. None
    • C. Yes
    • D. Error

    Question 6: What is required in the if statement to compare values?

    • A. =
    • B. ==
    • C. ===
    • D. equals

    Question 7: Which condition is met in this code?

    if 20 > 25:  
    print("A")  
elif 20 == 20:  
    print("B")  
else:  
    print("C")
    • A. A
    • B. B
    • C. C
    • D. None

    Question 8: How many possible conditions can elif handle?

    • A. One
    • B. Two
    • C. Infinite
    • D. None

    Question 9: Which logical operator reverses a condition?

    • A. or
    • B. not
    • C. and
    • D. reverses

    Question 10: What is a common mistake when using conditionals?

    • A. Forgetting else
    • B. Using == for assignment
    • C. Using = instead of ==
    • D. Indentation

    Python Basics: Loops – Q&A Session

    Question 1: Which loop runs as long as its condition is true?

    • A. for
    • B. while
    • C. repeat
    • D. loop

    Question 2: What function generates a sequence of numbers in Python?

    • A. sequence()
    • B. list()
    • C. range()
    • D. num()

    Question 3: What will for i in range(3): print("Hi") print?

    • A. Hi three times
    • B. Hi four times
    • C. Hi two times
    • D. None

    Question 4: How can we stop a loop early?

    • A. continue
    • B. stop
    • C. exit
    • D. break

    Question 5: What does the continue statement do in a loop?

    • A. Skips the rest of the loop
    • B. Skips to the next iteration
    • C. Stops the loop
    • D. Repeats the loop

    Question 6: What is printed by 

    for i in range(5): 
    if i == 3: 
     break print(i)

    • A. 0, 1, 2
    • B. 0, 1, 2, 3
    • C. 0, 1
    • D. None

    Question 7: Which loop would you use to repeat code until a condition changes?

    • A. for
    • B. while
    • C. until
    • D. loop

    Question 8: When is the else block in a loop executed?

    • A. Always
    • B. Only if break is used
    • C. Only if continue is used
    • D. When loop completes normally

    Question 9: What is the result of while False: print("Hello")?

    • A. Prints “Hello”
    • B. Error
    • C. No output
    • D. Prints infinitely

    Question 10: Which of these is not a loop in Python?

    • A. for
    • B. while
    • C. loop
    • D. Both B and C
    Python Question and Answers – Part 2

    Visit the Google Form Link:
    Click on the link to access the quiz form. You will be redirected to a Google Forms page where you can start answering the questions.

    Answer the Questions:
    Go through each question carefully and select or type your answers based on the options provided.

    Click ‘Submit’:
    Once you’ve answered all the questions, scroll down and click the “Submit” button to submit your answers.

    View Your Score:
    After submitting, click on the “View Score” button to see your results immediately. You will receive feedback on your performance.

    Variables & Data Typeshttps://forms.gle/22qQ2UkhGKUvW4XE6
    How to use Conditional Statements if ,elif, elsehttps://forms.gle/7VjTGRVoYpNRKyLS8
    For and While Loops– https://forms.gle/nj9f5eEE3yhA8sNs9
    List Creationhttps://forms.gle/ccy1hmAx1fYH294B9
    Dictionarieshttps://forms.gle/azRDkfEcPtQEhDqm6
    Tupleshttps://forms.gle/7zuHYNJmVFnET6QZA