🧠 What Are Bitwise Operators?

Bitwise operators work on bits (0s and 1s) of integers at the binary level.

They are used to perform operations like AND, OR, XOR, NOT, etc., bit-by-bit.

🧩 Imagine You Have Blocks

Let’s say you have numbers made out of LEGO blocks — but only with 1s and 0s. Like this:

• 5 = 🧱 1 0 1
• 3 = 🧱 0 1 1

These are binary numbers — the way computers think!

🧠 What is a Bit?

• A bit is just a 1 or 0 — like YES or NO.
• Computers love bits. They speak only in 1s and 0s!

🎮 Bitwise Operators

💚 1. Bitwise AND (&) — “Both must be YES”

Rule: Only give 1 if BOTH blocks are 1.

  5: 1 0 1
& 3: 0 1 1
----------
     0 0 1  → 1

🗣 “Only the last bits are both 1. So answer is 1!”

💙 2. Bitwise OR (|) — “Anyone says YES?”

Rule: Give 1 if at least one block is 1.

  5: 1 0 1
| 3: 0 1 1
----------
     1 1 1  → 7

🗣 “Anyone says YES? Then YES!”

💛 3. Bitwise XOR (^) — “Only if different!”

Rule: Give 1 only if they are different.

  5: 1 0 1
^ 3: 0 1 1
----------
     1 1 0  → 6

🗣 “Same = 0, Different = 1!”

🧨 4. Bitwise NOT (~) — “Flip it!”

Rule: Turn all 1s to 0s, and 0s to 1s.

print(~5)   #-6


Rule

~n = -(n + 1)

⏩ 5. Left Shift (<<) — “Push blocks to the left!”

5 = 1 0 1
5 << 1 → 1 0 1 0 → 10

🗣 “Add 0 at the end — like making it 2× bigger!”

⏪ 6. Right Shift (>>) — “Push blocks to the right!”

5 = 1 0 1
5 >> 1 → 0 1 0 → 2

🗣 “Move to the right — makes it smaller (like divide by 2)!